Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World assembles evidence—
quantitative, anecdotal, and conceptual—for currently existing green jobs in key economic
sectors (renewable energy, buildings and construction, transportation, basic industry, agriculture, and forestry) and presents estimates for future green employment. The pace of green job creation is likely to accelerate in the years ahead. A global transition to a low-carbon and sustainable economy can create large numbers of green jobs across many sectors of the economy, and indeed can become an engine of development. Current green job creation is taking place in both the rich countries and in some of the major developing economies.
We define green jobs as work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and development (R&D),
administrative, and service activities that contribute substantially to preserving or restoring
environmental quality. Specifically, but not exclusively, this includes jobs that help to protect
ecosystems and biodiversity; reduce energy, materials, and water consumption through high efficiency
strategies; de-carbonize the economy; and minimize or altogether avoid generation of
all forms of waste and pollution.
From a broad conceptual perspective, employment will be affected in at least four ways as the
economy is oriented toward greater sustainability:
q First, in some cases, additional jobs will be created—as in the manufacturing of pollution-control devices added to existing production equipment.
q Second, some employment will be substituted—as in shifting from fossil fuels to renewables, or from truck manufacturing to rail car manufacturing, or from landfilling and waste incineration to recycling.
q Third, certain jobs may be eliminated without direct replacement—as when packaging materials are discouraged or banned and their production is discontinued.
q Fourth, it would appear that many existing jobs (especially such as plumbers, electricians, metal workers, and construction workers) will simply be transformed and redefined as day-to-day skill sets, work methods, and profiles are greened.
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